Bioengineering

Bioengineering (biological Engineering, biotechnological engineering) is the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medicine. Biological engineering applies principles to the full spectrum of living systems, including molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, protein chemistry, cytology, immunology, neurobiology and neuroscience. As a study, it encompasses biomedical engineering and it is related to biotechnology. It deals with disciplines of product design, sustainability and analysis to improve and focus utilization of biological systems. The term bioengineering is also used to describe the use of vegetation in civil engineering construction. The term bioengineering may also be applied to environmental modifications such as surface soil protection, slope stabilisation, watercourse and shoreline protection, windbreaks, vegetation barriers including noise barriers and visual screens, and the ecological enhancement of an area. Biological Engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, and other important medical needs that improve the living standards of societies. Biological Engineers or bioengineers are engineers who use the principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible products. In general, biological engineers attempt to either mimic biological systems in order to create products or modify and control biological systems so that they can replace, augment, or sustain chemical and mechanical processes. Bioengineers can apply their expertise to other applications of engineering and biotechnology, including genetic modification of plants and microorganisms, bioprocess engineering, and biocatalysis.

Further information:

1. Статьи Bioengineering/Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009. URL: http://www.merriam-bster.com/dictionary/bioengineering
2.  Патрушев Л.И. Искусственные генетические системы. Т. 1. Генная и белковая инженерия. – М.: Наука, 2004, 525 с.
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7. Черткова Р.В., Абдуллаев З.Х., Долгих Д.А., Завьялов В.П., Кирпичников М.П. Искусственные белки, воспроизводящие противовирусные свойства интерферонов. // Биооорганическая химия. – 2003. - № 29. -  С.258-268.
8. Статья Bioengineering из Wikipedia, свободной энциклопедии. Доступно под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike

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