Quantum dot

Quantum dot - а dot with an extension of several nanometer constructed of metallic or semiconductive material describing a nearly zero-dimensional object. These quantum dots have unique electrical properties, which can be used to store electrons for example or to transform the color of light. The quantum dot is considered to have greater flexbility than other fluorescent materials, which makes it suited to use in building nanoscale computing applications where light is used to process information. They are made from a variety of different compounds, such as cadmium selenide. Quantum Dot Nanocrystals (QDNs): used to tag biological molecules, and "measuring between five and ten nanometres across, are made up of three components. Their cores contain paired clusters of atoms such as cadmium and selenium that combine to create a semiconductor. This releases light of a specific colour when stimulated by ultraviolet of a wide range of frequencies. These clusters are surrounded by a shell made of an inorganic substance, to protect them. The whole thing is then coated with an organic surface, to allow the attachment of proteins or DNA molecules. By varying the number of atoms in the core, QDNs can be made to emit light of different colours.

Further information:

1. D.J. Norris. Measurement and Assignment of the Size-Dependent Optical Spectrum in Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Quantum Dots. 1995, 1, 13.
2. C. Delerue, M. Lannoo. Nanostructures: Theory and Modelling. ISBN-10: 3540206949. Springer, 2004. Page 47.
3. Lee SW, Mao C, Flynn CE, Belcher AM (May 2002). "Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses". Science (journal) 296 (5569): 892–5.  
4. Whaley SR, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM (June 2000). "Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly". Nature 405 (6787): 665–8.  
5. M. Dahan, S. Levi, C. Luccardini, P. Rostaing, B. Riveau, A. Triller, “Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking,” Science, vol. 302, pp. 442-445, 2003.
6. Тавгер Б.А., Демиховский В. Я. Квантовые размерные эффекты в полупроводниковых и полуметаллических пленках.- Успехи физ.наук, т.96, с.61-86, 1968.
7. В.Я.Демиховский, «Квантовые ямы, нити, точки. Что это такое?», соросовский образовательный журнал, №5, 1997, С. 80-86.
8. Article Quantum dot from Wikipedia, the Free Enciclopedia. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike.

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