Transcriptome

The transcriptome is the set of all RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNA produced in one or a population of cells. The term can be applied to the total set of transcripts in a given organism, or to the specific subset of transcripts present in a particular cell type. Unlike the genome, which is roughly fixed for a given cell line (excluding mutations), the transcriptome can vary with external environmental conditions. Because it includes all mRNA transcripts in the cell, the transcriptome reflects the genes that are being actively expressed at any given time, with the exception of mRNA degradation phenomena such as transcriptional attenuation. The study of transcriptomics, also referred to as expression profiling, examines the expression level of mRNAs in a given cell population, often using high-throughput techniques based on DNA microarray technology. The use of next-generation sequencing technology to study the transcriptome at the nucleotide level is known as RNA-Seq. Transcriptomics is the branch of molecular biology that deals with the study of messenger RNA molecules produced in an individual or population of a particular cell type.

Further information

1. Kapranov, P., Cawley, S. E., Drenkow, J., Bekiranov, S, Strausberg, R. L., Fodor, S.P.A. and Gingeras, T.R. (2002). Large-Scale Transcriptional Activity in Chromosomes 21 and 22. Science 296: 916-919.
2. Cheng, J., Kapranov, P., Drenkow, J., Dike, S., Brubaker, S., Patel, S., Long, J., Stern, D., Tammana, H., Helt, G., Sementchenko, V., Piccolboni, A., Bekiranov, S., Bailey, D.K., Ganesh, M., Ghosh, S., Bell, I., Gerhard, D.S., Gingeras, T.R. (2005) Transcriptional Maps of 10 Human Chromosomes at 5-Nucleotide Resolution. Science: Volume 308: 1149-1154.
3. Wang Z, Gerstein M, Snyder M. (2009). RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nature Rev. Genetics 10(1): 57-63.
4. Schumacher, A., Kapranov, P, Kaminsky, Z., Flanagan, J., Assadzadeh, A., Yau, P., Virtanen, C., Winegarden, N., J., Chen, J., Gingeras, T. and A. Petronis (2006) Microarray-based DNA methylation profiling: technology and applications. Nucleic Acid Res. 34:528-542.
5. Patino WD, Mian OY, Kang JG, Matoba S, Bartlett LD, Holbrook B, Trout HH, Kozloff L, Hwang PM. Circulating transcriptome reveals markers of atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(9):3423-3488.
6. Tsiridis E, Giannoudis PV. Transcriptomics and proteomics: advancing the understanding of genetic basis of fracture healing. Injury. 2006; 37 Suppl 1:S13-9.
7. Статья Тranscriptome из Wikipedia, свободной энциклопедии. Доступно под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike

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